Why Sri Lanka Is Known as the Gem Island: The Untold Story of Ceylon Treasures

Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, has dazzled the world for centuries with its unparalleled bounty of natural gemstones. Referred to as the “Gem Island”, this tropical paradise has long been a hub for some of the rarest and most exquisite gems ever unearthed — and its story is as brilliant as the stones it yields.

A Legacy Carved in Stone – Dating Back Millennia

The history of Ceylon's gems dates back over 2,500 years, with written records referencing precious stones found in the island’s rivers and valleys as early as 543 BC. According to legend, when Prince Vijaya — the first recorded king of Sri Lanka — arrived from India, the land he encountered was already celebrated for its radiant treasures.

Early Arab, Persian, and Chinese traders visited the island, calling it Serendib, a name derived from the Arabic "Sarandib", which itself came from the ancient Indian "Suvarnadweepa" — the Island of Gold. European travelers and royalty soon followed, making Sri Lanka a major link in the historical Silk Road and maritime trade routes.

The Royal Seal: Gems of Kings and Queens

Sri Lanka’s gemstones quickly became coveted symbols of power, luxury, and divine favor among royals across continents. The famed Blue Sapphire of Princess Diana’s engagement ring, later worn by Princess Catherine, is believed to originate from Ceylon.

The Star of India, one of the largest star sapphires in the world, displayed at the American Museum of Natural History, is another prized specimen believed to have Ceylonese origins.

From Roman emperors and Chinese dynasties to British monarchs, Ceylon gems were gifted, traded, and even fought over — treasured for their unique colors, exceptional clarity, and natural brilliance.

Why Ceylon Gems Are So Unique

Sri Lanka's geological formation is over 2 billion years old, resulting in metamorphic rocks rich in minerals. This natural wealth yields a wide variety of gemstones including:

• Ceylon Sapphires (world-renowned for their Royal & cornflower blue hue)
• Spinels
• Garnets
• Tourmalines
• Moonstones
• Chrysoberyl
• Rare gems like Sinhalite, found almost exclusively in Sri Lanka

These gems are celebrated for their natural clarity and minimal treatments, often commanding higher value due to their authentic beauty and ethical sourcing.

Gem Mining in Sri Lanka: Tradition and Sustainability

Unlike many modern commercial mining operations, Sri Lanka has retained its traditional, small-scale mining techniques that are both eco-friendly and community-based. These practices are governed by strict regulations, ensuring environmental conservation and fair labor practices.

Gemstones in Sri Lanka are typically found in alluvial deposits — loose earth and gravel carried by ancient rivers — which allows mining with minimal ecological disruption.

The "pitting method", where miners dig narrow vertical shafts, and "sluicing", using water and woven baskets to separate gems from sediment, have been passed down through generations. These ethical and sustainable methods reflect the island’s commitment to preserving its land and legacy.

The City of Gems: Ratnapura

Located in the Sabaragamuwa Province, Ratnapura, meaning "City of Gems", is the epicenter of the gem trade in Sri Lanka. This vibrant city is home to thousands of miners, dealers, cutters, and gemologists who form a skilled ecosystem around gem discovery and processing.

From here, raw stones are carefully sorted, cut, and polished — with exceptional craftsmanship — before being exported to fine jewellers and collectors across the globe.

Modern Trade Meets Ancient Treasure

In recent decades, Sri Lanka has emerged as one of the top global gem exporters, especially for sapphires. The country hosts international gem and jewellery exhibitions, attracting buyers, investors, and collectors worldwide.

Despite modern advancements, the heart of the trade remains unchanged — a deep respect for nature’s treasures and the cultural significance embedded in each gem.

Ceylon Divine Gems: Carrying the Legacy Forward

At Ceylon Divine Gems, we are proud torchbearers of this ancient tradition. We work directly with ethical mines and skilled artisans in Sri Lanka to bring you the most authentic, traceable, and breathtaking gemstones. Our collections include both classic and rare pieces, each telling a story of heritage, craftsmanship, and elegance.

✨ Experience the Beauty of Sri Lanka’s Gem Legacy Today

Explore our collection of ethically sourced gemstones — expertly cut, beautifully polished, and full of history — at Ceylon Divine Gems.